Identification of technology-based models and efficacy of digital-based pain facial expression assessment tools among children: a systematic review

UNPAD Research from Faculty of Nursing Highlights Power of Digital Tools in Assessing Pediatric Pain

A systematic review led by Gusgus Ghraha Ramdhanie from the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, examined technology-based models for assessing facial expressions of pain in children, offering a breakthrough in pediatric pain management.

The review analyzed 18 studies from 2015–2024, focusing on computer and mobile application-based systems that use video and image recordings. Compared to conventional paper-based tools, these digital systems demonstrated higher accuracy, validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. They also provided real-time analysis and reduced observer bias, enabling more objective and consistent assessments.

These innovations have the potential to transform pediatric pain evaluation, ensuring better clinical decisions and improved quality of care. The study aligns with SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure by advancing healthcare technology and supporting child health outcomes.

📄 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03451-9